Colt Dragoon Model 1848

Colt's Manufacturing · Revolver · Out Of Production · 1848

Also known as: Colt Dragoon, Dragoon Revolver, Model 1848 Dragoon, Colt Holster Pistol Model 1848, Old Model Army, First Model Dragoon, Second Model Dragoon, Third Model Dragoon

Overview

The Colt Dragoon Model 1848 is a single-action, six-shot .44 caliber percussion revolver designed by Samuel Colt as the direct successor to the catastrophic-but-powerful Colt Walker Model 1847. Produced in three successive models (First Model 1848-1850, Second Model 1850-1851, and Third Model 1851-1860) at Colt's new Hartford, Connecticut factory, the Dragoon addressed every major combat complaint raised by the United States Mounted Rifles and Dragoon regiments about the Walker: the cylinder was shortened from 2.5 inches to roughly 2.19 inches to reduce the chamber volume and eliminate chamber burst failures, the powder charge was reduced from 60 grains to approximately 50 grains of black powder, the loading lever was redesigned with a positive-locking latch so it no longer dropped under recoil and jammed the cylinder, and overall weight was reduced from the Walker's 4.5 pounds (2,041 g) to approximately 4 pounds (1,800 g). The Dragoon retains a 7.5-inch (191 mm) part-octagon part-round barrel, an open-top steel frame, a seven-groove left-hand-twist rifled bore, a one-piece walnut grip, and the roll-engraved cylinder depicting the Battle of Bandera Pass between Texas Rangers and Comanche warriors. Like the Walker before it, the Dragoon was issued in pairs carried in large leather saddle-mounted pommel holsters - giving a single mounted trooper twelve .44 caliber shots available without reloading - and it remained the standard United States cavalry sidearm until it was progressively replaced by the lighter Colt 1851 Navy and Colt 1860 Army revolvers in the late 1850s and early 1860s. Approximately 20,000 Dragoons were produced across all three models between 1848 and 1860, and although considered obsolescent by the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, large numbers of surviving Dragoons were issued to Union and Confederate cavalry troopers - particularly in the Trans-Mississippi and western theaters - and the design remained in civilian frontier use throughout the settlement of the American West.

Specifications

Weight (empty)1800 g (63.5 oz)
Overall Length362 mm (14.25")
Barrel Length191 mm (7.52")
Firing MechanismSingle Action
Trigger TypeSingle Action
Magazine Capacity6 rounds
Magazine TypeRevolving Cylinder
Muzzle Velocity290 m/s (951 fps)
Muzzle Energy409 J (302 ft·lbf)
Effective Range68 m (74 yd)
Maximum Range137 m (150 yd)
Barrel RiflingLeft Hand
Number of Grooves7
Frame MaterialSteel
Barrel MaterialSteel
Stock MaterialWalnut
FinishBlued Case Hardened

Calibers

Features

Variants

Service history

Operators

Conflicts

Production

Estimated total produced: 20,000 · Production years: 1848-1860

Approximately 20,000 Dragoons were produced in total across the three successive models: roughly 7,000 First Model Dragoons (1848-1850), roughly 2,700 Second Model Dragoons (1850-1851), and roughly 10,500 Third Model Dragoons (1851-1860). Small numbers of related variants (including the scarce US Cavalry 'C' Company and 'E' Company marked guns and a handful of English-assembled Dragoons from Colt's London factory) are included in these totals. The Dragoon was the workhorse that paid off Samuel Colt's Hartford factory in the years between the Walker contract and the huge volumes of the 1851 Navy and 1860 Army revolvers.

Origin

Country of origin: United States

Designer: Samuel Colt

Discontinued: 1860

Notes

Loading procedure is identical to the Walker: pour a measured charge of approximately 50 grains of FFFg black powder into each chamber, seat a lubricated .454 round ball (or conical bullet) over the powder with the rammer-type loading lever, apply bore grease over the seated ball to prevent chain-fires, and cap each nipple at the rear of the cylinder with a #11 percussion cap. Safe carry is traditionally with the hammer rested on a pin between two chambers or on an empty chamber. The three models are most quickly distinguished by cylinder-stop shape (oval on 1st Model, rectangular on 2nd and 3rd Models), trigger guard shape (square-back on 1st and 2nd, rounded on 3rd), and mainspring/hammer details. Third Model Dragoons were available with optional folding-leaf rear sights and shoulder-stock attachment cuts on the grip frame, allowing conversion to a rudimentary carbine configuration.

Background

Samuel Colt built the Dragoon by listening to his customers: after the Walker earned a fearsome reputation in the Mexican-American War but also a long list of battlefield complaints - burst cylinders, snapped loading levers, and the sheer back-breaking weight of a 4.5-pound revolver - Colt used the profits from the Walker contract to open his Hartford factory and immediately produced a refined version that corrected every one of those failures while losing almost none of the stopping power. A United States Dragoon trooper of 1850 rode with a pair of these revolvers slung in pommel holsters on either side of his saddle, giving his horse effectively twelve .44 caliber shots before the man even had to reach for powder and ball - a volume of rapid mounted firepower unmatched by any other army in the world at that moment. The gun was so durable and so respected that it remained in front-line use for more than a decade, and when the Civil War broke out in 1861 it was still considered serviceable enough that veteran Confederate cavalrymen fought the first battles of the war with Dragoons their fathers had carried across the plains.