Schönberger-Laumann 1892
Österreichische Waffenfabriks-Gesellschaft (Steyr) · Pistol · Prototype · 1892
Also known as: Schönberger, Schoenberger-Laumann, Schönberger-Laumann M1894, Laumann 1892
Overview
The Schönberger-Laumann 1892 is one of the earliest self-loading pistols, designed by Josef Laumann and built by Waffenfabrik Steyr in Austria-Hungary. It is frequently cited as the first practical semi-automatic pistol, using a primer-actuated unlocking mechanism: on firing, the primer cap backs out, drives the firing pin rearward and trips the locking bar to begin the cycle. It feeds from a five-round fixed internal magazine loaded via a Mannlicher-style charger clip.
Specifications
| Weight (empty) | 1109 g (39.1 oz) |
| Overall Length | 228 mm (8.98") |
| Barrel Length | 142 mm (5.59") |
| Action Type | Recoil Operated |
| Firing Mechanism | Hammer Fired |
| Trigger Type | Single Stage |
| Magazine Capacity | 5 rounds |
| Magazine Type | Internal |
| Muzzle Velocity | 325 m/s (1066 fps) |
| Barrel Rifling | Right Hand |
| Frame Material | Steel |
| Slide Material | Steel |
| Barrel Material | Steel |
| Stock Material | Wood |
Calibers
- 8mm Schönberger · primary — also known as 7.8x19mmR Schönberger, 8mm Schoenberger
Features
- Firing modes: Semi Automatic
- Feed systems: Stripper Clip
- Safety mechanisms: Manual Safety
- Features: Primer Actuated Unlocking, External Cocking Lever, Charger Clip Fed, Fixed Internal Magazine
Variants
- Schönberger-Laumann 1894 (8mm) — Improved Pattern
Production
Estimated total produced: 35 · Production years: 1892-1896
Very small run; variously cited as fewer than 35 to several dozen, mostly prototypes and trials guns
Origin
Country of origin: Austria
Designer: Josef Laumann
Discontinued: 1896
Notes
The 'first semi-automatic pistol' claim is contested; the Salvator-Dormus was patented slightly earlier (July 1891 vs November 1891). Rejected in 1896 Austrian military trials for complexity and awkward charger loading. The improved 8mm pattern of 1894 is heavier (1,256 g) and longer (321 mm).
Background
The Schönberger-Laumann turned a cartridge-maker's bane, primers backing out on firing, into the gun's unlocking power source. It lost the race to be the first true self-loading pistol to the fellow-Austrian Salvator-Dormus by roughly four months.